1. Basic Subject + Predicate Structure

In Arabic, a simple sentence typically consists of a subject (مبتدأ, mubtada) and a predicate (خبر, khabar). This structure is fundamental for forming basic affirmative sentences.

1.1 Subject (مبتدأ)

The subject of a sentence is what or who the sentence is about. It is usually a noun or pronoun and can appear at the beginning of the sentence.

• Examples:
  • الولد (al-walad) – “the boy”
  • الكتاب (al-kitaab) – “the book”

1.2 Predicate (خبر)

The predicate provides information about the subject. It can be a noun, adjective, or verb, and it tells us something about the subject.

• Examples:
  • موجود (mawjud) – “exists”
  • جديد (jadiid) – “new”
  • يكتب (yaktub) – “writes”

2. Constructing Affirmative Sentences

Affirmative sentences in Arabic make positive statements. The basic structure is Subject + Predicate, where the subject is followed by the predicate.

2.1 Simple Noun Sentences

• Structure: Subject + Predicate (both nouns)
• Examples:
  • الولد طالب. (al-walad taalib) – “The boy is a student.”
  • الكتاب مهم. (al-kitaab muhim) – “The book is important.”

2.2 Simple Adjective Sentences

• Structure: Subject + Predicate (adjective)
• Examples:
  • المدرسة جديدة. (al-madrasah jadiidah) – “The school is new.”
  • الشجرة كبيرة. (ash-shajarah kabiirah) – “The tree is big.”

2.3 Simple Verb Sentences

• Structure: Subject + Predicate (verb)
• Examples:
  • الولد يكتب. (al-walad yaktub) – “The boy writes.”
  • البنت تلعب. (al-bint tala‘ab) – “The girl plays.”

2.4 Pronoun-Based Sentences

• Structure: Subject Pronoun + Predicate (verb or adjective)
• Examples:
  • أنا سعيد. (ana sa‘iid) – “I am happy.”
  • هو يقرأ. (huwa yaqra’) – “He reads.”

3. Examples and Practice

3.1 Affirmative Sentences with Nouns

• البيت كبير. (al-bayt kabiir) – “The house is big.”
• المعلم جاد. (al-mu’allim jaad) – “The teacher is serious.”

3.2 Affirmative Sentences with Adjectives

• السيارة سريعة. (as-sayyaarah sari‘ah) – “The car is fast.”
• الحديقة جميلة. (al-hadiiqah jamiilah) – “The park is beautiful.”

3.3 Affirmative Sentences with Verbs

• الأب يطبخ. (al-ab yatbukh) – “The father cooks.”
• الأطفال يلعبون. (al-atfaal yal‘aboon) – “The children play.”

3.4 Pronoun-Based Sentences

• هي معلمة. (hiya mu‘allimah) – “She is a teacher.”
• نحن سعداء. (naḥnu su‘adaa’) – “We are happy.”

4. Practice Exercises

4.1 Sentence Formation

• Form sentences using the following subjects and predicates:
  • Subject: الطالب (al-ṭaalib) – “the student”
  • Predicate: ناجح (naajih) – “successful”
  • Sentence: الطالب ناجح.
• Subject: الشقة (ash-shuqah) – “the apartment”
  • Predicate: مريحة (muriihah) – “comfortable”
  • Sentence: الشقة مريحة.

4.2 Translate the Sentences

• Translate the following sentences into Arabic:
  • “The book is interesting.”
  • “She is a doctor.”
  • “They (m.) are teachers.”

4.3 Identify the Sentence Components

• Identify the subject and predicate in the following sentences:
  • الطبيب يعالج المرضى. (al-ṭabeeb yu‘aalij al-marḍa)
  • الشبكة قوية. (ash-shabakah qawiiyah)

5. Homework and Practice

• Sentence Creation: Write ten sentences using different subjects and predicates. Mix between noun-based, adjective-based, and verb-based sentences.
• Grammar Exercise: Identify and label the subject and predicate in ten Arabic sentences from a textbook or online source.
• Speaking Practice: Practice constructing and saying affirmative sentences out loud to build confidence in sentence formation.