1. Subject Pronouns (ضمائر الرفع)

Subject pronouns are used to indicate the subject of a verb. They are essential for identifying who is performing the action in a sentence.

1.1 Singular Subject Pronouns

1.2 Dual Subject Pronouns

1.3 Plural Subject Pronouns

1.4 Usage Examples

• أنا أدرس (ana adrus) – “I study.”
• أنتِ تكتبين (anti taktubeen) – “You (f.) write.”
• هو يلعب (huwa yal‘ab) – “He plays.”
• هي تذهب (hiya tadhhab) – “She goes.”
• نحن نعيش (naḥnu na‘eesh) – “We live.”
• أنتم تقرأون (antum taqra’oon) – “You (m. plural) read.”

2. Object Pronouns (ضمائر النصب)

Object pronouns are used to indicate the object of a verb, showing who or what is receiving the action.

2.1 Singular Object Pronouns

2.2 Dual and Plural Object Pronouns

2.3 Usage Examples

• أعطِني الكتاب (a‘ṭini al-kitaab) – “Give me the book.”
• أحبكَ (uḥibbuka) – “I love you (m.).”
• رأيتها (ra’aytuha) – “I saw her.”
• ساعدنا (sa‘adnaa) – “Help us.”
• سأزوركم غداً (sa’azoorkum ghadan) – “I will visit you (m. plural) tomorrow.”

3. Possessive Pronouns (ضمائر الملكية)

Possessive pronouns indicate ownership and are attached to the noun they modify.

3.1 Singular Possessive Pronouns

3.2 Dual and Plural Possessive Pronouns

3.3 Usage Examples

• هذا كتابي (haadha kitaabi) – “This is my book.”
• سيارتكِ جميلة (sayyaaratuki jameelah) – “Your (f.) car is beautiful.”
• مدرستهم كبيرة (madrasatuhum kabeerah) – “Their school is big.”
• بيتكم قريب (baytukum qareeb) – “Your (m. plural) house is near.”

4. Practice Exercises

4.1 Subject Pronouns Practice

• Exercise: Replace the nouns with appropriate subject pronouns:
  • محمد يدرس → هو يدرس (“Muhammad studies” → “He studies”)
  • فاطمة تكتب → هي تكتب (“Fatimah writes” → “She writes”)

4.2 Object Pronouns Practice

• Exercise: Insert the correct object pronoun in the blanks:
  • هل تعرف _____؟ (him/her)
  • أعطِ ____ المفتاح. (me/us)

4.3 Possessive Pronouns Practice

• Exercise: Write sentences using the following phrases:
  • كتابي الجديد (my new book)
  • سيارتكم (your (m. plural) car)
  • مدرستهم (their school)

5. Homework and Practice

• Writing Sentences: Write five sentences using subject pronouns, five using object pronouns, and five using possessive pronouns.
• Pronunciation Practice: Practice pronouncing all the pronouns aloud to improve fluency.
• Flashcards: Create flashcards for all pronouns and practice daily.